Forward chaining
Last updated
Forward chaining teaches the steps of a task analysis in order, starting with the first step, while an adult completes or supports the rest.
Topic: Measurement and data collection
In plain terms
In forward chaining, the student learns step 1 until it is independent, then step 1 and step 2, and so on through the sequence. The adult helps with the remaining steps each time, so the whole task is always completed. It suits tasks where early steps are easier or where the student benefits from starting the routine on their own.
How it shows up in an IEP
Goals using forward chaining are measured with the same task analysis data sheet, tracking which steps are independent. Objectives can step up the number of steps completed independently from the start of the routine.
Example
To teach making a sandwich, a student first independently gets out the bread, plate and knife. Once that is steady for three days, the student adds opening the jar.
Not the same as Backward chaining
Forward chaining teaches the first step first. Backward chaining teaches the last step first, so the student always finishes the task. Read the definition of Backward chaining.
Related terms
- Backward chainingBackward chaining teaches a multi-step task starting with the last step, so the student finishes the routine from the very first lesson.
- Task analysisA task analysis breaks a complex skill into a sequence of smaller, teachable steps that can be taught and tracked one at a time.
- Prompt fadingPrompt fading is the planned, gradual reduction of help so that a student performs a skill independently and does not come to depend on adult prompts.
- Prompt hierarchyA prompt hierarchy is an ordered list of support levels, from most to least help or the reverse, used to teach a skill and record independence.
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