Evaluation and eligibility
Eligibility takes two answers: does the student have a disability under one of the categories, and does the student need specially designed instruction because of it. The evaluation has to gather enough information to answer both.
These guides follow the process in order: referral, prior written notice and consent, the evaluation timeline, the assessments a team usually uses, writing and reading the evaluation report, the eligibility meeting, and reevaluation every three years or sooner. They also cover each of the 13 categories and what the team has to document for it.
Start here
- The IEP evaluation process: from referral to eligibility
The IEP evaluation process step by step: referral, consent, testing, the 60-day federal timeline, the eligibility meeting and who does what at each stage.
How-to guides
- Classroom observation for an evaluation: what to record
How to run a classroom observation for a special education evaluation: pick the setting and method, collect peer comparison data and write it up with numbers.
- Evaluating English learners for special education fairly
Evaluating English learners for special education: language history, true peer comparisons, testing in both languages and ruling out language as the cause.
- From MTSS to referral: when intervention data says it is time
When to refer for special education after RTI: check core instruction, fidelity, level and slope, then refer promptly. Worked example with real weekly numbers.
- How to read a psychoeducational evaluation report
A parent's step-by-step way to read a psychoeducational report: what standard scores and percentiles mean, how to spot the pattern, and what to ask the team.
- Pre-referral interventions: what to try and how to document it
Pre-referral intervention examples by concern area, plus how to set the dose, track weekly data and document the results so a referral decision rests on facts.
- Presenting evaluation results to families with care
How school psychologists can present evaluation results to parents: send the report early, lead with the child, translate scores and plan for hard news.
- Psychoeducational report recommendations teams can use
How to write psychoeducational report recommendations an IEP team can act on: tie each to a finding, sort it into an IEP section, make it specific.
- Review of existing evaluation data (REED): deciding whether to test
How to run a review of existing evaluation data (REED): gather records, answer the four required questions by area and decide what new testing is needed.
- Using intervention data in an SLD evaluation
How to use RTI and progress monitoring data in an SLD evaluation: check instruction, compute level and growth, compare peers, with a worked grade 2 example.
Definitions
- The assessment plan explained: areas of suspected disability
An assessment plan lists each area the school will test and who will test it. See the legal basis, an example and how it differs from the evaluation report.
Comparisons
- Language difference or disability?
How evaluation teams tell a language difference from a disability in English learners: the deciding question, a comparison table and three case scenarios.
- Primary vs secondary disability category
Primary vs secondary disability on an IEP: what each label means, who picks it, why it matters for reporting more than services, and three case examples.
- SLD identification: discrepancy vs RTI vs patterns of strengths and weaknesses
The three SLD identification methods compared: IQ-achievement discrepancy, response to intervention and patterns of strengths and weaknesses, with scenarios.
- SST vs IEP meeting: how they differ
SST vs IEP meeting in plain words: a side-by-side table, one question that tells them apart and three short school scenarios showing which meeting fits.
- Triennial reevaluation: new testing vs record review
A triennial reevaluation can rely on a review of existing data instead of new tests. How the two paths differ, who decides, and what to document under IDEA.
Checklists
- Eligibility meeting checklist
A printable eligibility meeting checklist for case managers: what to do before, during and after the meeting, with a reason for each item and fixes for gaps.
- Reevaluation checklist for case managers
A printable reevaluation checklist for case managers, grouped before, during and after the meeting, with a reason for each item and fixes for gaps.
Templates
- Educational evaluation report template, section by section
A fill-in school psychologist report template with ten sections, a completed fictional example and notes on what reviewers and parents check in each part.
- How to request a special education evaluation in writing (sample letter)
A fill-in sample letter to request a special education evaluation, a completed example, and notes on what each part of the letter should say and why.
- SLD eligibility report template
A fill-in SLD eligibility report template built on the federal documentation rule, with a completed fictional example and notes on what reviewers check.
- Teacher input form for a special education evaluation
A fill-in teacher input form for a special education evaluation, a completed fourth grade example and notes on what the evaluation team needs from each part.
For parents
- Can a school delay an evaluation for RTI?
Can a school make you wait for RTI before it evaluates your child? What federal guidance says, an annotated school letter and the exact questions to ask.
- Child Find for preschoolers and private school students
How Child Find works for preschoolers and private school students: which district evaluates, what services look like, and the questions to ask the team.
- Consent for evaluation: what you are signing
What a special education evaluation consent form means, what it does not agree to, an annotated sample form and the questions to ask before you sign it.
- Found not eligible: next steps
Your child was found not eligible for an IEP. Read the notice, ask about a 504 plan, request an independent evaluation if you disagree and plan the next check.
- How IEP eligibility is decided: disability plus need
IEP eligibility has two parts: a disability that fits an IDEA category and a need for special teaching because of it. See how teams decide, with an example.
- Other Health Impairment: conditions that often qualify
Examples of Other Health Impairment under IDEA, from ADHD and epilepsy to diabetes and Crohn's disease, with a sample summary and questions to ask the team.
- What are the 13 categories of special education?
The 13 disability categories in IDEA explained in plain words, with an example for each, a sample eligibility page and questions parents can ask the team.
- What tests are in a psychoeducational evaluation?
The kinds of tests in a school psychoeducational evaluation, what each one measures, how long it takes and the questions to ask before testing starts.
- What to do if the school declines to evaluate
If the school refused a special education evaluation, here is what the written notice must say, an annotated example, questions to ask and your options next.
Explainers
- Emotional disturbance eligibility: the five characteristics
IDEA criteria for emotional disturbance: the five characteristics, the long period and marked degree tests, the social maladjustment clause and a case study.
- Exiting special education: when a student no longer qualifies
How a student exits special education: the reevaluation rule, the graduation and age-out exceptions, parent revocation, and a case study with real dates.
- Intellectual disability eligibility at school
The three-part IDEA test for intellectual disability at school: intellectual functioning, adaptive behavior and onset, with state differences and a case study.
- School speech-language evaluations: what is tested
What a school speech-language evaluation tests, the tools SLPs use for each area, one student's evaluation with dates and scores, and where state rules differ.
- Special education evaluation timelines: the 60-day rule and state differences
How the 60-day evaluation timeline works: when the clock starts, how days are counted, the federal exceptions, summer breaks and where state timelines differ.
- Speech or language impairment eligibility, area by area
How SLPs and teams decide speech or language impairment eligibility in articulation, fluency, voice and language, with a case study and state differences.
- Standard scores and percentiles on one bell curve
A standard score to percentile chart built from the normal curve, with scaled, T and z scores side by side and one student's report worked through.
- Student Study Team (SST) meetings: purpose, roles and agenda
What a student study team meeting is, who attends, a 45-minute agenda and one fictional student's SST from first meeting to follow-up.
- The school psychologist's role in special education
What a school psychologist does in special education: testing, eligibility, IEP input, behavior support and counseling, with one student's year as an example.
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