Reading intervention and assessment
A reading goal is only as useful as the assessment that found the gap. A student who reads slowly because they cannot decode needs different teaching from a student who decodes well and loses the meaning, and the screening score alone will not tell you which.
These guides cover screening and diagnostic tools, how to group students by the skill they are missing, what a reading intervention block looks like day to day, and how to tell when a program is not working for a student. They link to the reading goals and data sheets in the library.
Start here
- Reading intervention for students with IEPs: assess, group, teach, monitor
Plan reading intervention in special education: screen, find the gap with diagnostics, group by need, teach explicitly and monitor weekly with decision rules.
How-to guides
- Diagnostic reading assessment after screening
How to run a diagnostic reading assessment after a low screening score: which checks to give in what order, how long each takes and how to plan from it.
- Error correction routines in reading intervention
A step-by-step error correction procedure for reading intervention: stop, model, have the student reread, then check the word later. With a worked example.
- Grouping students for reading intervention
How to group students for reading intervention by the skill that breaks down: sort the data, set group size, track each group and regroup every 6 to 8 weeks.
- How to calculate WCPM and accuracy
Calculate words correct per minute: count words read in 1 minute, subtract errors, then divide words correct by words read for accuracy. Worked example inside.
- Literacy centers during intervention time
Literacy center ideas that practice taught reading skills while you teach a small group: 14 centers by skill, how to set them up and how to check they work.
- Managing the class during small-group intervention
Classroom management for small groups: teach routines, set an ask-three-then-me rule, use a do-not-disturb signal, track interruptions on a group data sheet.
- Reading error analysis
How to do a reading error analysis: record what the student says, sort errors by type and pattern, find what to teach and track it, with a scored example.
- Reading intervention for English learners
How to plan reading intervention for English learners: separate language learning from reading difficulty, teach skills explicitly and build oral language.
- Reading intervention games
Reading intervention games that keep practice high: 12 games by skill, how to run them so every student reads many words, and how to check that games help.
- Reading intervention progress monitoring schedule
Set up a reading intervention progress monitoring schedule: what to probe for each skill, how often by tier, how long each step takes and how to read the graph.
- Scheduling a reading intervention block
How to schedule a reading intervention block: stagger grade-level times, protect core reading, staff groups by need and fit IEP minutes and weekly probes in.
- Supporting IEP reading goals at home
How parents can support IEP reading goals at home: read the goal, match a 10-minute activity to it, use the school's prompts and keep a practice log.
Definitions
- Independent, instructional and frustration reading levels
What independent, instructional and frustration reading levels mean, the accuracy ranges most inventories use, an example and how they differ from grade level.
- What is nonsense word fluency?
Nonsense word fluency is a 1-minute test of reading made-up words. What it measures, how it is scored, how it differs from oral reading fluency, and NWF goals.
Examples
- IEP goal examples for reading
18 measurable reading IEP goals across 8 skills, from print concepts to inference, each with a baseline in real units, a varied criterion and a linked template.
- Reading intervention programs compared: 24 criteria and red flags
How to compare reading intervention programs without brand hype: 24 criteria in eight areas, red flags, a scoring rubric and how to check the evidence.
Comparisons
- Pull-out vs push-in reading intervention
Pull-out vs push-in reading intervention: a side-by-side table, the deciding question, three school scenarios and how to choose a model for each reading group.
- Reading intervention vs special education reading services
Reading intervention vs special education: what each is, who decides, what rights come with each and how to tell which one your child gets, with examples.
- Reading specialist vs special education teacher
Reading specialist vs special education teacher: training, who each serves, their role on the IEP team, and three examples of who teaches your child to read.
- Structured literacy vs balanced literacy
Structured literacy vs balanced literacy compared fairly: how each teaches word reading, what the evidence supports, three cases and what to keep from each.
- Tier 2 vs Tier 3 reading intervention
Tier 2 vs tier 3 reading intervention side by side: group size, minutes, how each is planned and monitored, who decides, and three classroom cases.
Templates
- Home-school reading activities
A fill-in weekly home-school reading sheet that links school intervention to short home activities, with a completed example and a menu of 10-minute ideas.
- Questions to ask about school reading interventions
A fill-in list of questions parents can ask about school reading intervention, with a completed example and notes on what a strong answer sounds like.
- Reading intervention materials kit
A fill-in checklist for a reading intervention materials kit: assessment, sound and letter cards, word building, decodable text, fluency probes and data sheets.
- Reading intervention plan template
A fill-in reading intervention plan template with a completed example, notes on what reviewers and parents look for in each section, and how to track it.
- Small-group reading lesson plan template
A fill-in small-group reading lesson plan in structured literacy format, with a completed 30-minute example, notes on each part and a matching data sheet.
Explainers
- DIBELS subtests explained
What each DIBELS subtest measures, how it is given and scored, and how to read a score pattern, with one student's results worked through and goal links.
- How long to run a reading intervention before changing it
How long to run a reading intervention before changing it: data points needed, checks to make first, what to change, and when to consider an evaluation.
- Letter naming fluency benchmarks
What a letter naming fluency benchmark means, where to find the right one for your screener, and what to teach when a student falls below it, with one case.
- Oral reading fluency norms by grade
How oral reading fluency norms work by grade and season, how to read a percentile, norms vs benchmarks, and how to use them for a goal, with a worked case.
- Phoneme segmentation fluency: giving and interpreting it
How to give and score phoneme segmentation fluency, the errors that skew it, and what a low score means for teaching, with one kindergartner's data.
- The science of reading for special educators
What the science of reading means in special education: the research behind it, what changes in daily teaching, where states differ and how it shapes goals.
- Tier 2 reading intervention: what it looks like
What tier 2 reading intervention looks like day to day: group size, minutes, lesson parts, progress checks and exit rules, with one student followed for a term.
- Universal screening for reading
How universal screening for reading works in a school: what to screen by grade, how cut points sort students and what happens next, with state rules flagged.
IEP Atlas Pro
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