Introduce source information with a signal phrase
When to use this goal
For students who use information from sources but drop it into their writing with no attribution, so readers cannot tell what came from where. Present levels should show the student can find relevant facts in a source; the target is attributing them in the sentence.
- Baseline
- In two or three recent drafts, mark every sentence that uses source information. Score each as correct only if it names the source in a signal phrase or parenthetical citation. The denominator is source-based sentences, not all sentences.
- Tips
- Teach a short bank of signal verbs (states, explains, reports, argues) so the writing does not repeat According to every time. Highlighting source-based sentences is a strong support; fade it before the annual review. Pair with a note-taking goal if the student cannot track which fact came from which source.
- Limits
- Finding every source-based sentence depends on the scorer knowing the sources. The measure does not judge paraphrase quality or whether the source was used accurately. Short drafts give few items.
Original IEP Atlas template based on general measurement principles; not copied from any goal bank. ID wr-exp-042.
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Goal
By the annual IEP review date, when writing a research report or essay draft that uses information from sources, the student will introduce each piece of source information with a signal phrase that names the source or author (such as According to the article) and follow it with a citation independently with at least 80% accuracy on source-based sentences, on 3 of 4 consecutive scored drafts, as measured by work-sample analysis collected every two weeks.
Baseline: 20% accuracy.
- Condition
- Observable behavior
- Criterion
- Measurement method
Measurability check11 of 11 met
Met: Observable behavior. Stated as an action.
Met: Condition. Stated.
Met: Unit fits the behavior. Percent accuracy fits this behavior.
Met: Explicit criterion. Number and unit stated.
Met: Mastery rule and schedule. Both stated.
Met: Method produces the metric. Work-sample analysis gives percent accuracy data.
Met: Review timeframe. Stated.
Met: Baseline and target compatible. Same unit, change in the right direction.
Met: Aligned with area of need. Still about Written Expression.
Met: Level of support. Defined.
Met: Blanks filled in. Nothing left to fill in.
Checks structure and wording only. Whether the goal fits the student is the team's call.
Short-term objectives (optional)
When are objectives required?Required for students on alternate assessments (34 CFR §300.320(a)(2)(ii)); some states require them for everyone.
Paste into your IEP system
Most district systems have a separate box for each part of a goal. Copy them one at a time, or all at once as labeled text.
- Area of need
- Writing - Written Expression
- Baseline
- 20% accuracy.
- Annual goal458 characters
- By the annual IEP review date, when writing a research report or essay draft that uses information from sources, the student will introduce each piece of source information with a signal phrase that names the source or author (such as According to the article) and follow it with a citation independently with at least 80% accuracy on source-based sentences, on 3 of 4 consecutive scored drafts, as measured by work-sample analysis collected every two weeks.
- Timeframe
- By the annual IEP review date
- Condition
- When writing a research report or essay draft that uses information from sources
- Behavior
- The student will introduce each piece of source information with a signal phrase that names the source or author (such as According to the article) and follow it with a citation independently
- Criteria
- With at least 80% accuracy on source-based sentences, on 3 of 4 consecutive scored drafts
- Evaluation method
- Work-sample analysis
- Schedule
- Every two weeks
Copied as plain text, with straight quotes and plain dashes.
Matching data sheet
Accuracy tracker. Records number correct and number attempted.
Accuracy tracker
Percent accuracy- Student label:
- Target:
- with at least 80% accuracy on source-based sentences
- Mastery rule:
- on 3 of 4 consecutive scored drafts
- Collection schedule:
- every two weeks
- Method:
- Work-sample analysis
- Data collector:
Goal: By the annual IEP review date, when writing a research report or essay draft that uses information from sources, the student will introduce each piece of source information with a signal phrase that names the source or author (such as According to the article) and follow it with a citation independently with at least 80% accuracy on source-based sentences, on 3 of 4 consecutive scored drafts, as measured by work-sample analysis collected every two weeks.
| Date | Task / materials | # correct | # attempted | % accuracycorrect ÷ attempted × 100 | Support levele.g., independent, 1 verbal prompt | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Preview shows 4 of 12 rows.
- Score only items the student attempted unless the goal defines a fixed set of items. Use the same denominator every session.
- Percent = numerator ÷ denominator × 100. Round to one decimal place.
- Record the support actually provided, even if the goal is independent performance.
The CSV opens in Excel or Google Sheets, with formulas. Sheets print blank; no student data is stored.