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Speech or language impairment

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Speech or language impairment is an IDEA category for communication disorders, such as stuttering or language disorders, that affect learning.

Topic: Disability categories and conditions

In plain terms

The category covers speech sound disorders, fluency disorders such as stuttering, language disorders affecting understanding or expression, and voice disorders. For many students, speech-language therapy is the only special education service; in many states it counts as special education, not just a related service.

How it shows up in an IEP

Goals are usually written and measured by the speech-language pathologist, and the best goals connect to classroom communication: answering questions, retelling, participating in discussion or being understood by peers. Carryover into everyday talk is the real target.

Example

A first grader's goal is to produce /s/ blends correctly in sentences in 80% of opportunities during structured classroom tasks, measured by the SLP and the teacher.

The rule

Federal reference: 34 CFR §300.8(c)(11).

Related terms

  • SLP (speech-language pathologist)An SLP is a licensed professional who evaluates and treats speech, language, voice, fluency, social communication and swallowing disorders.
  • ArticulationArticulation is the physical production of speech sounds using the lips, tongue, teeth, jaw and palate.
  • Expressive languageExpressive language is the ability to put thoughts into words and sentences to communicate, through speech, sign, writing or AAC.
  • Receptive languageReceptive language is the ability to understand language: words, sentences, directions, questions and stories.
  • StutteringStuttering is a difference in the flow of speech, with repetitions, prolongations or blocks, that can come with tension and feelings about speaking.
  • Developmental language disorderDevelopmental language disorder is a lasting difficulty learning and using spoken language that is not explained by hearing loss or another condition.

On IEP Atlas

This page describes special education terms and federal rules in general terms and is not legal advice. Our editorial policy explains how IEP Atlas writes and reviews content. Browse all 244 terms.