Skip to content

Early Communication IEP goals

Early communication covers the skills that come before and alongside first words: sharing attention, gesturing, imitating sounds and actions, taking turns, requesting, protesting, and saying or signing first words. Good goals count every mode (gesture, sign, sound, picture, word) and never require eye gaze to count joint attention. Measure requests and responses with opportunities, spontaneous gestures and words with frequency in a set activity, and shared play with duration.

35 templates · How we write and review goals

Sample early communication goals

Numbers are illustrative; set targets from the student's own baseline (how templates are made).

  • PK, K-2Opportunities

    Follow a partner's point to a toy

    Responding to joint attention

    By the annual IEP review date, during floor play with 3 to 5 toys placed around the student, when the partner points to a toy within 3 feet and names it, the student will turn their head or body toward the pointed-to object and then touch it, reach for it, move to it, or vocalize about it independently in at least 8 of 10 opportunities, across 3 consecutive sessions, as measured by opportunity-by-opportunity data collected twice weekly during play sessions.

    Customize
  • PK, K-2Frequency

    Show a toy to share interest

    Initiating joint attention by showing

    By the annual IEP review date, during a 15-minute play session with novel or cause-and-effect toys (such as a spinning top, a pop-up toy, or a toy that lights up) and an adult sitting nearby, the student will show an object to a partner by holding it up toward them, bringing it to them, or placing it in front of them to share interest (not to ask for help) independently at least 3 times per 15-minute play session, across 3 consecutive play sessions, as measured by frequency recording collected twice weekly.

    Customize
  • PK, K-2Frequency

    Point to share something interesting

    Initiating joint attention by pointing

    By the annual IEP review date, during a 10-minute shared picture-book time with an adult, with books chosen from the student's interests, the student will point (with a finger, whole hand, or other defined body movement) to something interesting to share it with the partner independently at least 4 times per 10-minute shared book or outdoor session, on 4 of 5 observed sessions, as measured by frequency recording collected twice weekly.

    Customize
  • PK, K-2Duration

    Stay with a shared picture book

    Shared book reading

    By the annual IEP review date, during one-to-one shared reading with a familiar adult, using a board book or lift-the-flap book the student chose from 2 options, the student will remain with the shared book and the adult, turning pages, pointing, lifting flaps, or vocalizing about the pictures, from the first page until the student moves away or pushes the book aside independently for at least 5 minutes, across 3 consecutive sessions, as measured by duration recording collected 3 times per week during book time.

    Customize
  • PKOpportunities

    Reach toward a wanted item to request it

    Reaching to request

    By the annual IEP review date, during snack, when the partner holds up two small pieces of a preferred food just out of reach, the student will reach an open hand or arm toward the item the partner is holding to request it independently in at least 8 of 10 opportunities, across 3 consecutive data collection days, as measured by opportunity-by-opportunity data collected daily during snack or play.

    Customize
  • PK, K-2Opportunities

    Give a container to an adult for help

    Giving to request help

    By the annual IEP review date, during play, given a clear container with a preferred item inside and a lid the student cannot open, the student will hand or push the container or toy to the adult to request help independently in at least 8 of 10 opportunities, across 3 consecutive sessions, as measured by opportunity-by-opportunity data collected 3 times per week.

    Customize
  • PK, K-2Opportunities

    Point to choose between two snacks

    Pointing to choose

    By the annual IEP review date, during snack, when the partner holds up 2 snack choices about 12 inches apart and asks "Which one?", the student will point to or touch one of the 2 choices and accept the item chosen independently in at least 8 of 10 opportunities, across 3 consecutive data collection days, as measured by opportunity-by-opportunity data collected daily during snack.

    Customize
  • PK, K-2Opportunities

    Wave or signal hello and goodbye

    Greetings and farewells

    By the annual IEP review date, at arrival and departure, when a familiar adult or peer greets the student by name with "Hi" or "Bye", the student will greet or say goodbye by waving, signing, vocalizing, selecting a device message, or saying the word independently in at least 6 of 8 opportunities, on 4 of 5 observed days, as measured by direct observation collected daily at arrival and departure.

    Customize
  • K-2, PKOpportunities

    Answer yes or no with any mode

    Yes and no responses

    By the annual IEP review date, during snack or a classroom routine, when an adult holds up an item and asks "Do you want ___?", the student will answer yes or no by nodding or shaking their head, signing, touching a yes or no symbol, or saying the word, and accept or turn down the item to match independently in at least 8 of 10 opportunities, across 3 consecutive sessions, as measured by opportunity-by-opportunity data collected twice weekly.

    Customize
  • PKOpportunities

    Imitate a sound a partner makes

    Vocal imitation of sounds

    By the annual IEP review date, during play with animal or vehicle toys, when the partner makes a play sound (such as "moo", "beep", "vroom") and pauses, the student will imitate the partner's sound or a close version of it independently in at least 6 of 10 opportunities, across 3 consecutive sessions, as measured by opportunity-by-opportunity data collected each therapy session.

    Customize
  • PK, K-2Opportunities

    Copy single words in play routines

    Imitating single words

    By the annual IEP review date, during a play routine with 5 to 8 practiced target words, when the partner says a target word while acting on the toy and pauses, the student will imitate the target word or a consistent word approximation independently in at least 7 of 10 opportunities, across 3 consecutive therapy sessions, as measured by opportunity-by-opportunity data collected each therapy session.

    Customize
  • PK, K-2Opportunities

    Copy hand movements in a familiar song

    Action imitation in songs

    By the annual IEP review date, during a familiar action song with 5 movements (such as clap, stomp, wave, roll hands, arms up), sung with an adult facing the student, the student will copy each song movement the adult models, in any recognizable form, during the matching part of the song independently in at least 8 of 10 opportunities, across 3 consecutive sessions, as measured by opportunity-by-opportunity data collected twice weekly.

    Customize

23 more early communication templates

Each opens in the builder with its sample goal, notes, objectives, and data sheet.

What early communication involves

  • Joint attention: following a point and showing or pointing to share interest, with no gaze requirement
  • Gestures: reaching, pointing, giving, and showing
  • Imitating sounds, words, and actions in songs and play
  • Taking vocal turns back and forth with a partner
  • Requesting and protesting with any mode, including first words and word approximations
  • Responding to familiar words and following one-step directions in routines

Baseline and measurement considerations

  • Take a baseline in a play or snack routine the child enjoys, with the same partner and toys, across two or three sessions.
  • For requests, set up clear opportunities (a toy out of reach, a closed container) and record independent, after a model, or not yet.
  • Count spontaneous gestures, words, or approximations per 10- or 15-minute play session; imitations of a model just given are counted separately.
  • Time back-and-forth turn taking or shared play as duration, from the first turn to when the child moves away.
  • Parents, preschool teachers, and the SLP can all collect data; a short parent log of new words at home adds useful information.

Progress-monitoring methods used in these templates

  • Opportunity (trial) recording: Each planned or naturally occurring opportunity is recorded as correct/independent, prompted, or not demonstrated.
  • Frequency (event) recording: Each occurrence of a clearly defined behavior is tallied during a fixed observation period.
  • Duration recording: The length of time a behavior lasts is timed from a defined start to a defined end.
  • Direct observation: An adult observes and records the defined behavior during a specified activity.

How each measure works

Matching data sheets

Each template links to a blank sheet built for its measure. You can also download these sheets on their own:

  • Opportunity tracker: Records each opportunity as independent, prompted, or not demonstrated.
  • Frequency & rate tracker: Counts a defined behavior during a fixed observation period. Calculates rate when time is recorded.
  • Duration tracker: Times how long a behavior lasts and compares it with the target duration.

Common mistakes when writing early communication goals

  • Requiring eye contact for joint attention or requests; a child can share attention by showing, pointing, or moving toward a partner.
  • Counting only spoken words and missing gestures, signs, and pictures that are real communication.
  • Treating protest or refusal as behavior to stop rather than communication to give a clear form.
  • Using percent accuracy for spontaneous communication, which has no fixed number of items.
  • Writing classroom participation goals here; circle time and group routines belong in preschool-readiness.

Frequently asked questions

How do I write an IEP goal for a preschooler who is not talking yet?

Start with how the child already communicates, such as reaching, pulling an adult, or vocalizing, and build from there. Write a goal for requesting with any mode (gesture, sign, picture, or word) in a set number of opportunities during play or snack. Talk with the SLP about whether AAC should be part of the plan.

What is a good joint attention goal?

Name the action, not the eyes: for example, the child will show or point to share an interesting object with a partner at least 3 times in a 15-minute play session. Responding to a partner's point by looking toward or moving to the object also counts.

How often should I collect data on early communication goals?

Several times a week, because young children's communication changes quickly and depends on the day. Short samples of 10 to 15 minutes in the same routine give the clearest picture.

Do word approximations count as words?

Yes, if the child uses the same sound pattern for the same thing each time, such as "ba" for ball. Define which approximations count in the goal so every adult scores them the same way.

References

IEP Atlas Pro

Turn these goals into progress reports

Pro tracks every goal on your caseload and drafts the report for you. Free for 14 days.

Count trials, prompts, and minutes live in the session; the graph and trend line draw themselves; progress reports are drafted from your data.